50 Microsoft Certified: Azure Data Fundamentals Practice Questions: Question Bank 2025

You are designing a data model for an online store. Each order can contain multiple products, and each product can appear in many orders. Which relationship type best describes this scenario?

A team wants to enforce uniqueness of the Email column in a Customers table so that no two rows can have the same email address. Which database object should they use?

You need to store user profile documents where each user can have different optional attributes (for example, some users have "TwitterHandle" and others do not). The application must query by userId with low latency. Which Azure data service is the best fit?

A business wants to build interactive dashboards that visualize sales trends using a managed Microsoft service. Which service is designed for building and sharing dashboards and reports?

A retail company needs to load data nightly from multiple sources into a central store and run SQL queries for reporting. They want to keep historical data and optimize for analytical queries. Which architecture component is most appropriate as the central store?

A developer creates an Azure SQL Database table but forgets to define a primary key. Later, the team notices duplicate rows that should represent the same entity. What would a primary key have provided?

You need to store and query time-series telemetry from IoT devices. The solution must handle high write rates and allow querying by deviceId and time range. Which Azure storage option is most appropriate?

A data engineer needs to ingest streaming events and run near-real-time aggregations (for example, counts per minute) for a dashboard. Which combination best matches this requirement on Azure?

An application uses Azure Cosmos DB and the team reports that reads frequently return data from a recent point in time rather than the very latest write, but the system remains highly available across regions. Which consistency model best matches this behavior?

A company wants to implement a star schema for a data warehouse. They need to store descriptive attributes about customers (name, region, segment) and also store large numbers of sales transactions (date, customer, product, amount). Which pairing correctly maps these to star schema table types?

You are designing a data model for a sales system. Each Order can contain many OrderLines, and each OrderLine belongs to exactly one Order. Which concept best describes this relationship?

A team needs to query and filter data stored as Parquet files in Azure Data Lake Storage using familiar SQL syntax, without loading the data into a database first. Which Azure service is best suited for this requirement?

You have JSON documents that vary in structure from one record to another. You need to store and query these documents with minimal schema management. Which type of data storage best fits this requirement?

A company is building an OLTP application on Azure SQL Database. Developers report that duplicate customer email addresses are being inserted, causing downstream issues. Which database feature should be implemented to prevent duplicates at the database level?

You need to design a Power BI model for enterprise reporting. Requirements include fast query performance across large historical data and a design that supports slicing by date, product, and region. Which modeling approach best aligns with these requirements?

A solution stores application logs as millions of immutable files in Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2. Data engineers need to run repeated transformations and create curated datasets for analytics. Which approach is most appropriate?

An application uses Azure Cosmos DB. Most requests retrieve a single user profile by userId and must be low-latency at scale. Which partition key choice is most likely to provide good distribution and performance?

You are designing a relational database for an order system. You need to ensure that every OrderLine references a valid Order and that Orders cannot be deleted if OrderLines exist (unless handled explicitly). Which feature should you use?

A company is designing a data platform with a data lake for raw ingestion and a data warehouse for curated reporting. They want to reduce the risk of reporting changes if upstream raw data formats change. Which design principle best addresses this requirement?

An IoT solution needs to ingest high-volume streaming telemetry and perform near-real-time aggregation (for example, average temperature per device per minute) before storing results for dashboards. Which architecture is most appropriate on Azure?

You are designing a data model for an online store. Each order can contain many products, and each product can appear in many orders. Which concept best describes this relationship?

A team needs to store JSON documents for a mobile app where each user profile may have different fields. The app must support fast reads/writes and flexible schema. Which Azure data service is the best fit?

You need to provide analysts with a semantic model so they can create reports using business-friendly measures and relationships, with a single source of truth. Which Azure/Microsoft service is designed for this purpose?

A company is migrating a SQL Server database to Azure. They must minimize the amount of database administration while keeping compatibility with SQL Server features and T-SQL. Which option best meets the requirement?

A manufacturing company wants to capture a continuous stream of sensor readings and then run near-real-time aggregations (for example, average temperature per minute) for a dashboard. Which combination best supports this streaming analytics scenario?

You are designing a relational database schema. You need to ensure every row in the Customers table has a unique, non-null identifier and that other tables can reference it. Which database object should you use?

A team stores images and videos in Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2. They want to use folder-like organization and enforce fine-grained access control at the directory and file level. Which feature enables this requirement?

You are selecting a storage option for a graph-like dataset that needs to model relationships such as 'Person KNOWS Person' and run traversals like shortest paths. Which data store type is most appropriate?

A company wants to build a modern analytics platform. Raw data will land in a data lake, transformations will be performed, and curated data will be served for BI reporting. Which approach best describes this end-to-end pattern?

A data engineer runs an ad-hoc query that joins multiple large tables in a data warehouse. The query completes, but results are inconsistent because some data is partially loaded during the query execution. Which concept would most directly help ensure the query reads a consistent snapshot of the data?

You are designing a data model for a retail system. Each Order can contain multiple Products, and each Product can appear in many Orders. Which relationship type best describes this scenario?

A team must store JSON documents and query them by properties such as customerId and orderStatus. The solution must support automatic indexing with minimal management overhead. Which Azure service is the best fit?

You need to store large image files and video clips with the lowest operational overhead. Which type of data store is most appropriate?

You plan to load data from Azure Data Lake Storage into Azure Synapse Analytics for reporting. You want to transform and load data using a low-code orchestration tool. Which Synapse capability should you use?

A company uses Azure SQL Database. A developer reports that an UPDATE statement failed because it would create duplicate values in a column that must be unique. Which relational concept is enforcing this rule?

You are designing a Cosmos DB solution. The workload performs many point reads (read a single item by id) and writes, and it must scale globally with low latency. Which design choice most directly improves performance for point reads?

A business wants to reduce load on its transactional database by copying data into an analytical store optimized for complex aggregations and reporting. Which approach best describes this pattern?

You have a table named Sales that stores transactions. Analysts need faster performance for queries that frequently filter by Region and aggregate by Month. You want to change the data model to reduce repeated calculations and improve query speed. Which technique is most appropriate?

A team uses Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2 for raw data. They want to apply SQL queries directly over files without loading them into a database first. Which solution is the best fit?

A streaming IoT solution must ingest millions of events per second and enable near-real-time dashboards. The architecture should separate ingestion from processing and allow multiple consumers to read the same event stream independently. Which Azure service is most appropriate for ingestion?

You are designing a data model for a customer database. Each customer can have multiple phone numbers, and each phone number belongs to only one customer. Which relationship type best describes this?

A team needs to run ad-hoc SQL queries against files stored in Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2 without first loading the data into a database. Which Azure service is best suited for this requirement?

You are choosing a storage option for application logs that are written as JSON and queried occasionally by time range and application name. The data volume is high and the schema can evolve over time. Which Azure data store is the best fit?

A company wants to reduce the time required to load data into an Azure SQL Database. The source data is in Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2 in delimited text files. Which feature should you use to load the files efficiently?

A developer reports that an Azure Cosmos DB query against a container is slow and consumes a high number of request units (RUs). The query filters on a property that is not the partition key and returns results across many partitions. What is the most likely cause?

A data engineer needs to orchestrate a daily workflow that copies data from multiple sources into a data lake and then triggers a transformation step. Which Azure service is designed primarily for this orchestration and data movement?

You are designing a relational database on Azure that must enforce uniqueness of email addresses and support fast lookups by email. Which database object should you create?

A retail company needs near real-time analytics on a continuous stream of point-of-sale events. The solution must detect anomalies and write aggregated results to a data store for dashboards. Which service is best suited to process the streaming events?

You have an Azure SQL Database that supports a business-critical application. You need to provide access to analysts so they can run reports without impacting transactional performance. Which approach is recommended?

A company is designing a star schema for a data warehouse in Azure. Analysts will slice sales by date, product, and store, and they will aggregate measures such as revenue and units sold. Which table type should contain the numeric measures used for aggregation?